Information Dissemination Effects To Provision of Land for Railway Lines In Relationship with the Knowledge, Attitude and Behavior of the Land Owners in Barru Regency, South Sulawesi - Indonesia

Hafied Cangara
2017 Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal  
The aims of the research were to determine the effect of information dissemination of land acquisition of railways on knowledge, attitude and behavior of the land owners in Barru, and to determine the factors that affect the process of land release for railway construction in Barru. This study was conducted in Barru with quantitative approach. Population of the study were 899 land owners around the railway in Barru. Sample were 100 people selected with Slovin formula. Data were analyzed with
more » ... ear regression analysis. Results of the research indicated that the influence of information dissemination conduct of the land owners through television was 3.9%, newspaper 5.8%, online media 7.8% , interpersonal communication 26.04 %, and group communication 21.5 %. Interpersonal communication had the greatest effect among the five communication channels. Factors influencing the process of land release for the railway construction in Barru were public interest, government programs, religious knowledge, the compensation value and a sense of pride the railway presence in Barru. pollution levels, and has high security. And one means of transportation are eligible to ensure the smooth and the ability to move goods and services in bulk is a rail transportation. From these considerations, the Government of the Republic of Indonesia in the Long Term Development Plan, set railway development plan to become the backbone of freight and urban passenger transport so that it can be one of the main drivers of the national economy. Implementation of an integrated national railway transport with other modes of transport can improve the efficiency of the national economy. Therefore, the national railway operation in the future should be able to be an important part in the structure of the national economy. The Indonesian government to see that the market share of rail transport in the future is promising. It is estimated that the number of trips of people and goods using railway mode in 2030 is approximately 929.5 million passengers person / year and goods around 995.5 million tons / year, including traveling people using the railway mode on the island of Sulawesi is estimated at 15.5 million person / year and the number of trips of goods is estimated at 27 million tons / year. Therefore, the Indonesian government established that one of the targets of the master plan of the national railways is the construction of railway networks in Sulawesi, which is expected to connect the regions or cities that have the potential transport of passengers and goods or products are large-scale high speed with the use of energy is very low and support, Sulawesi Railway Development plan linking 6 provinces in all regions of the island of Sulawesi. The main issue is how to liberate the land owned by the community that will serve any railroad. Many farmland, gardens and ponds will pass the train line is owned by the community. Problems of land in Indonesia lately become a problem and often lead to protests from the community, and often cause casualties, on the one hand the people trying to defend his property because it is a source of life for them, while the government in this case the authorities tried to take the land by Indonesia Agrarian Law (1960) of article 18 says that "the public interest, including the interests of the nation, state, and public, the rights may be revoked by giving compensation appropriate and according the manner contemplated by law ". Negotiations in the land acquisition process is usually a long process and protracted due to the absence of contact between the parties land owners and the government. In this process, the communication aspect is very important because people need information and understanding the purpose of the construction railroad track. Communication aims to provide an understanding and awareness to landowners in order to hand over land for the public interest, in this case used for the railway. Note that prior to the release of land rights by the people, the government has made a wide range of communication activities (communication campaign) through the medium of television, newspapers, interpersonal communication, focus group discussion (meetings, gatherings, and dialogue), , and also through media internet (new media). Communication campaign on the process of land acquisition will greatly assist in the smooth process of land restitution. In line with the goal of communication is done to influence the audience or recipient. According to Stuart in Cangara (2014) , Influence or effect is the difference between what you think, feel, and carried out by the recipient before and after receiving the message. Influence is one element in the communication that is critical to determine the success or failure of communication we want. The influence can be said to be hit if the change (P) which occurs at the receiver at the destination (T) is desired communicator (P = Q), or as a formula that has made Jamies in Cangara (2014) , namely the influence (P) is determined by the source, messages, media, and recipients (P = S / P / M / P). Effect of changes can occur in the form of knowledge (knowledge), attitude (attitude), and behavior (behavior) This paper to answer whether the dissemination of information campaigns on land acquisition railway lines to influence the knowledge, attitudes and behavior of the land owners, and what factors influence so that people are willing and not willing to give up their land for the construction of railway line? LITERATURE REVIEW AND RELATED Public communication campaigns encompass strategies for producing effects on the knowledge, attitudes, and behavior of large populations across a variety of domains, including political, pro-social, environmental, and health outcomes. Public communication campaigns can be broadly defined as purposive attempts to inform, persuade, or motivate behavior changes in a relatively well-defined and large audience, generally for noncommercial benefits to the individuals and/or society at large, typically within a given time period, by means of organized communication activities involving mass and online/interactive media, and often complemented by interpersonal support. The following sections provide selected annotated citations (books, book chapters, articles, and websites) in the general order of the stages involved in developing and implementing communication campaigns: General Overviews online media as a provider of a wide range of information very quickly not be fully utilized by the respondents because of limited ability to access information through the internet. Interpersonal Communication Based on the results of the research showed that interpersonal communication is a communication medium greatest effect on knowledge, attitudes and behavior among other communication media. This is in line with what Effendy (1999) noted that interpersonal communication is the communication between two or more people through face to face or through the media. Interpersonal communication is considered a type of effective communication to change the attitudes and behavior of people because of the personal contact that allows communicators to know, understand and master frame of reference, physical and mental condition ofcommunication partisipants, the atmosphere at the time of communication, and feedback directly. According to Paul Lazarsfield and his colleagues were doing research into how information and influence spread in the community. He stated that the information flow from the mass media to a certain opinion leaders in the community who provide information by talking to his colleagues (Littlejohn, 2014). Two-step flow theory written Lazarsfield confirms that certain individuals are known as opinion leaders (opinion leaders) received information from the mass media and give it to his colleagues Each group has a leader of opinion, but these individuals are difficult to distinguish from other members of the group because of its leadership in the opinion is not a trait but a role taken by some individuals in certain situations. Group Communication Group communication between the government and land owners is focus group discussion (meetings) held in each village. Based on the results showed that in this focus group discussion between the government and the land owners gives big influence to change their knowledge, attitudes and behavior. This is understandable because at the time of focus group discussion occurs face to face meeting between the government with the land owners which individual can respond to each other. According to Effendy (1999), a group communication is communication between a person and a group of people in face to face situations. These groups can be small can be big. But the number of people that belong to the big or small is not specified. In a small group communication allows the presence of opportunity for every member to give verbal feedback Interpersonal communication and group communication is the most substantial influence on behavior change because it is more persuasive while mediated communication is more informative. This is in line with the said Effendy (1999) that the effectiveness and efficiency of media communication only in disseminating information. Effective and efficient in delivering a persuasive message is face to face communication as a frame of reference of audience can be known communicators, whereas in proces communication is directly feedback, in the sense of knowing the response or reaction communicator to members of group at that time. This is in contrast to the communication through the media, newspapers and television that does not allow communicators to know the terms of reference of audiences targeted communication and feedback takes place not at the time. CONCLUSION Based on the analysis and discussion that has been raised previously about the effect of the distribution of information on land acquisition railway lines in conjunction with the knowledge, attitudes and behavior of land owners in Barru regency, then as the conclusion of the results obtained: The amount of influence the distribution of information to knowledge of land owners through television media by 8.72%, the newspaper amounted of 10.90%, the internet by 11.60%, the interpersonal communication by 21.81%, and through group communication by 19.62%. Effect of information through the media against knowledge of land owners as a whole amounted to 72.20%. The amount of influence the distribution of information on the attitudes of land owners through the medium of television at 6:43%, the newspaper by 12:15%, the internet by 11:44%, interpersonal communication by 22:16%, and through group communication by 19:30%. Effect of information through the media on the attitudes of land owners as a whole amounted to 71.50%. The amount of influence the distribution of information on the behavior of land owners through television by 3.90%, the newspaper to 5.86%, the internet to 7.81%, the interpersonal communication of 26.04%, and the group communication of 21:48%. Effect of information through the media against behavior of land owners as a whole amounted to 65.10%. Factors that influence the process of land acquisition for the construction of a railway line in Barru is a general interest, a government program, understanding of religion, the compensation value, and a sense of pride with their train.
doi:10.14738/assrj.410.3178 fatcat:up4zppw4tng4vorfevzf7gjnue