1 This paper presents theory and analysis of single-tip field emission and electron beam propagation in the electrostatic focusing fields. It is shown that two gate apertures with a focusing anode allow transport of narrow electron beams over long distances without need for a confining magnetic field. Physical mechanisms of the beam formation, transport, field emission energy distributions, the effects of the emission properties, and parametric studies are discussed, emission current formula is

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... derived, and new concept and model of the bandgap-spread multilevel field emission is given. emission source that could be integrated with a terahertz periodic structure for extended beam-wave interaction with no magnetic field for focusing. 1001 978-1-4673-5168-3/13/$31.00 ©2013 IEEE 14. ABSTRACT This paper presents theory and analysis of single-tip field emission and electron beam propagation in the electrostatic focusing fields. It is shown that two gate apertures with a focusing anode allow transport of narrow electron beams over long distances without need for a confining magnetic field. Physical mechanisms of the beam formation, transport, field emission energy distributions, the effects of the emission properties, and parametric studies are discussed, emission current formula is derived, and new concept and model of the bandgap-spread multilevel field emission is given. 15. SUBJECT TERMS 16. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF: 17. LIMITATION OF ABSTRACT SAR 18. NUMBER OF PAGES 6 19a. NAME OF RESPONSIBLE PERSON a. REPORT unclassified b. ABSTRACT unclassified c. THIS PAGE unclassified Standard Form 298 (Rev. 8-98) Prescribed by ANSI Std Z39-18