Medical Imaging is a technique to create visual representations of the interior of the body, with the aim of making accurate diagnoses and optimized treatments. Many medical imaging techniques are widely used to produce images, such as computer tomography (CT), ultrasound (US), positron emission tomography (PET), single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)/functional MRI (fMRI). Manual interpretation and analysis of medical images is tedious and

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... to error, causing overlooked, slight lesions that occasionally result in misdiagnosis. It is critical to develop advanced signal processing methods for a wide range of low-level (image reconstruction, contrast enhancement, image segmentation, etc.) and high-level applications (interpretation, classification, and grading of image findings in diagnoses, and the planning, monitoring, and evaluation of treatment) in medical imaging for accurate diagnosis and personalized treatment. These applications need novel, advanced techniques in the areas of, but not limited to, computer vision, artificial intelligence/machine learning/pattern recognition, and evolution algorithm and optimization. This Special Section in IEEE ACCESS aims to collect a diverse and complementary set of articles that demonstrate new developments and applications of advanced signal processing in medical imaging. It will help both physicians and 2169-3536