Body condition scoring (BCS) systems primarily assess body fat. Both overweight and underweight animals may have loss of lean tissue that may not be noted using standard BCS systems. Catabolism of lean tissue can occur rapidly, may account for a disproportionate amount of body mass loss in sick cats and can have deleterious consequences for outcome. Therefore, along with evaluation of body fat, patients should undergo evaluation of muscle mass. The aims of the present study were first to

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... e the repeatability and reproducibility of a 4-point feline muscle mass scoring (MMS) system and second to assess the convergent validity of MMS by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). MMS was as follows: 3, normal muscle mass; 2, slight wasting; 1, moderate wasting; 0, severe wasting. For the first aim, forty-four cats were selected for evaluation based on age and BCS, and for the second aim, thirty-three cats were selected based on age, BCS and MMS. Cats were scored by ten different evaluators on three separate occasions. Body composition was determined by DXA. Inter-and intra-rater agreement were assessed using kappa analysis. Correlation between MMS and BCS, age, percentage lean body mass and lean body mass (LBM) was determined using Spearman's rank-order correlation. The MMS showed moderate inter-rater agreement in cats that scored normal or severely wasted (k ¼ 0·48 -0·53). Intra-rater agreement was substantial (k ¼ 0·71-0·73). The MMS was significantly correlated with BCS (r 0·76, P,0·0001), age (r 20·75, P, 0·0001), LBM (g) (r 0·62, P, 0·0001) and percentage LBM (r 20·49, P,0·0035). Additional investigation is needed to determine whether the MMS can be refined and to assess its clinical applicability. Abbreviations: BCS, body condition scoring; DXA, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry; LBM, lean body mass; MMS, muscle mass scoring.