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Early Time Chromatic Variations in the Wind‐swept Medium of GRB 021211 and the Faintness of Its Afterglow

M. C. Nysewander, D. E. Reichart, H.‐S. Park, G. G. Williams, K. Kinugasa, D. Q. Lamb, A. A. Henden, S. Klose, T. Kato, A. Harper, H. Yamaoka, C. Laws (+19 others)
2006 Astrophysical Journal  

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2005 pre-print
arXiv:astro-ph/0505474v1 fatcat:bsagm6pe25bnjjjhbdsnyuv2im
2006 accepted
arXiv:astro-ph/0505474v2 fatcat:pugwpcbi7nettku5ba4o6ceocu
We present Follow-Up Network for Gamma-Ray Bursts (FUN GRB) Collaboration observations of the optical afterglow of GRB 021211 made between 143 seconds and 102 days after the burst. Our unique data set includes the earliest filtered detections and color information for an afterglow in the pre-Swift era. We find that the afterglow is best described by (1) propagation through a wind-swept medium, (2) a cooling break that is blueward of the observed optical frequencies, and (3) a hard electron
more » ... y distribution. However, superimposed on this "standard model" behavior we find significant chromatic variations within the first few hours after the burst. We consider possible reasons for these variations, including the possibility that they are due to a dust echo. Finally, we constrain physical parameters that describe the afterglow and surrounding medium for a variety of scenarios and find that GRB 021211's afterglow is faint for a combination of 3-4 reasons: (1) a low fraction of energy in relativistic electrons, (2) a low density for the wind-swept medium, implying either a low mass-loss rate and/or a high wind velocity for the progenitor, (3) a wide opening/viewing angle for the jet, and possibly (4) moderate source frame extinction. The jet appears to be significantly far from equipartition and magnetically dominated. More extreme versions of this might explain the darkness of many afterglows in the Swift era.
doi:10.1086/506980 fatcat:lyepfxg5r5frfkmkt44wgmolzy
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Citation

M. C. Nysewander, D. E. Reichart, H.‐S. Park, G. G. Williams, K. Kinugasa, D. Q. Lamb, A. A. Henden, S. Klose, T. Kato, A. Harper, H. Yamaoka, C. Laws, K. Torii, D. G. York, J. C. Barentine, J. Dembicky, R. J. McMillan, J. A. Moran, D. H. Hartmann, B. Ketzeback, M. B. Bayliss, J. W. Bartelme, J. A. Crain, A. C. Foster, M. Schwartz, P. Holvorcem, P. A. Price, R. Canterna, G. B. Crew, G. R. Ricker, S. D. Barthelmy. "Early Time Chromatic Variations in the Wind‐swept Medium of GRB 021211 and the Faintness of Its Afterglow." Astrophysical Journal 651.2 (2006) 994-1004