Myocardial infarction (MI) remains the leading cause of cardiovascular death worldwide and a major cause of heart failure. Recent studies have suggested that cell-based therapies with bone marrow stem cells (BMSC) and human amniotic membrane (hAM) would recover the ventricular function after MI; however, the mechanisms underlying these effects are still controversial. Herein, we aimed to compare the effects of BMSC and hAM in a rat model of heart failure. MI was induced through coronary

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... n, and animals with an ejection fraction (EF) < 50% were included and randomized into three groups: control, BMSC, and hAM. The BMSC and hAM groups were implanted on the anterior ventricular wall seven days after MI, and a new echocardiographic analysis was performed on the 30th day, followed by euthanasia. The echocardiographic results after 30 days showed significant improvements on EF and left-ventricular end-sistolic and end-diastolic volumes in both BMSC and hAM groups, without significant benefits in the control group. New blood vessels, desmine-positive cells and connexin-43 expression were also elevated in both BMSC and hAM groups. These results suggest a recovery of global cardiac function with the therapeutic use of both BMSC and hAM, associated with angiogenesis and cardiomyocyte regeneration after 30 days.