The exchange of molecules between different physical or chemical environments due to diffusion or chemical transformations has a crucial role in a plethora of fundamental processes such as breathing, protein folding, chemical reactions and catalysis. Here, we introduce a method for a single-scan, ultrafast NMR analysis of molecular exchange based on the diffusion coefficient contrast. The method shortens the experiment time by one to four orders of magnitude. Consequently, it opens the way for

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... igh sensitivity quantification of important transient physical and chemical exchange processes such as in cellular metabolism. As a proof of principle, we demonstrate that the method reveals the structure of aggregates formed by surfactants relevant to aerosol research.