In the root canal system, infection of the pulp tissue caused by caries or other pathways is the primary cause of apical periodontitis. The ultimate goal of the endodontic treatment is to create adequate conditions for periradicular tissue healing. Nonsurgical endodontic treatment is a highly predictable treatment option in most cases, but surgery may be indicated for teeth with persistent periradicular pathosis unresponsive to nonsurgical approaches. The aim of this article is to highlight the

more »

... possibility of the successful outcome of surgical endodontic treatment following failed non surgical treatment of right maxillary central incisor. With proper case selection and operator skill, periradicular surgery can be considered predictable, cost effective alternative to tooth extraction and tooth replacement.