1 Ó÷ðåaeäåíèå Áåëîðóññêîãî ãîñóäàðñòâåííîãî óíèâåðñèòåòà "Íàó÷íî-èññëåäîâàòåëüñêèé èíñòèòóò ôèçèêî-õèìè÷åñêèõ ïðîáëåì" (Ðåñïóáëèêà Áåëàðóñü, 220006, ã. Ìèíñê, óë. Ëåíèíãðàäñêàÿ, 14) 2 Óíèâåðñèòåò ãðàaeäàíñêîé çàùèòû Ì×Ñ Ðåñïóáëèêè Áåëàðóñü (Ðåñïóáëèêà Áåëàðóñü, 220118, ã. Ìèíñê, óë. Ìàøèíîñòðîèòåëåé, 25) ÐÅÇÞÌÅ Ââåäåíèå. Ïðåäîòâðàùåíèå è òóøåíèå ïîaeàðîâ â êàáåëüíûõ øàõòàõ, ýëåêòðîóñòàíîâêàõ, íàõîäÿùèõñÿ ïîä íàïðÿaeåíèåì, ïîaeàðîâ êëàññîâ À è òðåáóåò íàëè÷èÿ ìàòåðèàëîâ, îáëàäàþùèõ îãíå-è

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... îéêîñòüþ è ñïîñîáíîñòüþ çàïîëíÿòü ïðîñòðàíñòâî ëþáîé ôîðìû. Äëÿ ïîëó÷åíèÿ ìàòåðèàëà, ñîîòâåòñòâóþùåãî äàííûì òðåáîâàíèÿì, áûëè ïðîâåäåíû ðàáîòû ïî ñîçäàíèþ ðåöåïòóðû íàïûëÿåìîãî ïåíîïîëèóðåòàíà (ÏÏÓ) è èññëåäîâàíèå åãî ýêñïëóàòàöèîííûõ, ôèçèêî-õèìè÷åñêèõ, îãíåçàùèòíûõ è îãíåòóøàùèõ ñâîéñòâ. Öåëü è çàäà÷è. Ðàçðàáîòêà ðåöåïòóðû òðóäíîãîðþ÷åãî íàïûëÿåìîãî aeåñòêîãî ïåíîïîëèóðåòàíà, èññëåäîâàíèå ìåõàíèçìà è ñèíåðãèçìà îãíåçàäåðaeèâàþùåãî äåéñòâèÿ N-P-Cl-ñîäåðaeàùèõ çàìåäëèòåëåé ãîðåíèÿ. Ìàòåðèàëû è ìåòîäû. Îáúåêòîì èññëåäîâàíèÿ ÿâëÿëèñü êîìïîíåíòû À è Á äëÿ ïîëó÷åíèÿ ïåíîïîëèóðåòàíà ìàðêè "Èçîëàí-125", N-P-Cl-ñîäåðaeàùèå çàìåäëèòåëè ãîðåíèÿ è ïåíîïîëèóðåòàíîâûå êîìïîçèöèè íà èõ îñíîâå. Èññëåäîâàíèå îãíåçàùèòíûõ, îãíåòóøàùèõ è ôèçèêî-õèìè÷åñêèõ ñâîéñòâ ÏÏÓ-êîìïîçèöèé è ïðîäóêòîâ èõ òåðìîëèçà ïðîâîäèëè ñ èñïîëüçîâàíèåì ìåòîäîâ, ðåãëàìåíòèðîâàííûõ ÃÎÑÒàìè, ñêàíèðóþùåé ýëåêòðîííîé ìèêðîñêîïèè, òåðìè÷åñêîãî è õèìè÷åñêîãî àíàëèçîâ. Ðåçóëüòàòû è èõ îáñóaeäåíèå. Ðàçðàáîòàí òðóäíîãîðþ÷èé aeåñòêèé íàïûëÿåìûé ÏÏÓ, îáëàäàþùèé îãíåçàùèòíûìè è îãíåòóøàùèìè ñâîéñòâàìè. Èññëåäîâàíû ýêñïëóàòàöèîííûå, ôèçèêî-õèìè÷åñêèå, îãíåçàùèòíûå è îãíåòóøàùèå ñâîéñòâà òðóäíîãîðþ÷åãî ïîðèñòîãî ìàòåðèàëà. Ïðîâåäåí ñîïîñòàâèòåëüíûé êîëè÷åñòâåííûé õèìè÷åñêèé àíàëèç îñòàòî÷íîãî ñîäåðaeàíèÿ àçîòà è ôîñôîðà â ïðîäóêòàõ òåðìè÷åñêîé îáðàáîòêè èñõîäíîãî è îãíåçàùèùåííîãî ÏÏÓ, ïðîãðåòûõ â èíòåðâàëå òåìïåðàòóð 200-500°Ñ, ðåàëèçóåìûõ ïðè ãîðåíèè â ïðåäïëàìåííîé çîíå êîíäåíñèðîâàííîé ôàçû. Îïðåäåëåíû ìèíèìàëüíûå êîíöåíòðàöèè àçîò-, ãàëîãåí-è ôîñôîðñîäåðaeàùèõ çàìåäëèòåëåé ãîðåíèÿ, íåîáõîäèìûå äëÿ äîñòèaeåíèÿ îãíåçàùèòíûõ ñâîéñòâ â èññëåäóåìîì ìàòåðèàëå. Âûâîäû. Ðàçðàáîòàíà ðåöåïòóðà êîìïîçèöèè òðóäíîãîðþ÷åãî íàïûëÿåìîãî aeåñòêîãî ïåíîïîëèóðåòàíà. Óñòàíîâëåí ìåõàíèçì è ñèíåðãèçì äåéñòâèÿ N-P-Cl-ñîäåðaeàùèõ çàìåäëèòåëåé ãîðåíèÿ, çàêëþ÷àþùèéñÿ â èíãèáèðîâàíèè ëåòó÷èìè àçîò-è ãàëîãåíñîäåðaeàùèìè ïðîäóêòàìè ðàäèêàëüíûõ ïðîöåññîâ â ãàçîâîé ôàçå, òîãäà êàê ôîñôîðñîäåðaeàùèå ïðîäóêòû ïðåèìóùåñòâåííî ïðèíèìàþò ó÷àñòèå â îáðàçîâàíèè ïðî÷íûõ òåðìîèçîëèðóþùèõ îðãàíîìèíåðàëüíûõ ñòðóêòóð â êîíäåíñèðîâàííîé ôàçå. Ïîêàçàíà ïåðñïåêòèâíîñòü ïðèìåíåíèÿ òðóäíîãîðþ÷åãî ÏÏÓ äëÿ ïðåäóïðåaeäåíèÿ è òóøåíèÿ ïîaeàðîâ êëàññîâ À è Â, à òàêaeå â ýëåêòðîóñòàíîâêàõ, íàõîäÿùèõñÿ ïîä íàïðÿaeåíèåì. Êëþ÷åâûå ñëîâà: òåðìè÷åñêîå ðàçëîaeåíèå; òåðìîèçîëèðóþùàÿ ïåíà; çàìåäëèòåëè ãîðåíèÿ; êîíäåíñèðîâàííàÿ ôàçà; îãíåçàìåäëèòåëüíàÿ ñèñòåìà. Äëÿ öèòèðîâàíèÿ: Áîãäàíîâà Â. Â., Áóðàÿ Î. Í., Òèõîíîâ Ì. Ì. Ðàçðàáîòêà òðóäíîãîðþ÷åãî aeåñòêîãî íàïûëÿåìîãî ïåíîïîëèóðåòàíà è èññëåäîâàíèå åãî ôèçèêî-õèìè÷åñêèõ, îãíåçàùèòíûõ è îãíåòóøàùèõ ñâîéñòâ // Ïîaeàðîâçðûâîáåçîïàñíîñòü/Fire and Explosion Safety. ABSTRACT Introduction. Burning suppression and prevention in cable shafts, electrical installations, fires of Classes A and B, requires fire resistance materials, which have the ability to fill space with any form. For obtain material, appropriate these requirements, the composition of the sprayed polyurethane foam was developed and its operational, physic and chemical, fire retardant and fire extinguishing properties were studied. Purpose and tasks. Development the recipe of a slow-burning sprayed hard polyurethane foam, study the mechanism and synergy the fire retardant action of N-P-Cl-containing flame retardants. Materials and methods. The objects of study were components A and B for production the polyurethane foam brand of Izolan-125, N-P-Cl-containing flame retardants and polyurethane compositions based on them. The study of fire retardant, fire extinguishing, physical and chemical properties of polyurethane foam compositions and products of their thermolysis was carried out using regulate Standard testing methods, scanning electron microscopy, thermal and chemical analyzes. Results and discussion. A flame resistant hard sprayed polyurethane foam, possessing fire protecting and fire extinguishing properties was been developed. The operational, physicochemical, fire protecting, and fire extinguishing properties of the nonflammable porous material were investigated. A comparative quantitative chemical analysis the residual content of nitrogen and phosphorus in the heat-treated products of the initial and flame protected polyurethane foam, heated in the temperature range 200-500°Ñ, realizing during combustion in the pre-flame zone of the condensed phase, was carried out. The minimal concentrations of nitrogen-, halogenand phosphorus-containing combustion retardants, required to achieve flame protective properties in the testing material were determined. Conclusion. The recipe of composition the nonflammable sprayed hard polyurethane foam was developed. The mechanism and synergism of action the N-P-Cl-containing combustion retardants was established, which consists in the inhibition of radical processes by volatile nitrogen-and halogencontaining products in the gas phase, while phosphorus-containing products mainly participate in the formation of durable thermally insulating organic-mineral structures in the condensed phase. The prospects of using the slow-burning polyurethane foam for the prevention and suppression fires of classes A and B, also electrical installations under voltage was shown.