with the PHQ-9, and classified as mild or moderate to severe. Ordinal logistic regression was used to assess statistical associations between depression and sex, age, illiteracy, family income and centre. Results 1020 participants were included, 446 in São Paulo and 574 in Manaus, of whom 248 (24.3%; 95% CI 21.7 to 27.1) were classified as mild depression and 93 (9.1%; 95% CI 7.4 to 11.1) as moderate to severe depression. The prevalence of mild and moderate to severe depression was very similar

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... in the two centres. Women were almost twice as likely as men to present with depression of any severity. We did not find any association between depression and age, illiteracy or family income. Conclusion Depression is highly prevalent among primary care clients, especially women. Mental healthcare must be integrated into primary care in order to reduce the treatment gap for depression.