At the moment, there exists a loosely bundled canon of quantum rules subsumed under the term quantum mechanics or quantum theory. It includes reversible as well as irreversible processes, and is prima facie inconsistent. As already von Neumann [552, 554] and later Everett [30, 206, 545] noted, there cannot be any irreversible measurement process nested in a ubiquitous uniformly reversible evolution of the quantum state. Both von Neumann and Everett called the former, irreversible, discontinuous

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... change the "process 1"; and the latter, reversible, continuous, deterministic change the "process 2," respectively. Stated differently, there cannot exist any irreversible many-to-one measurement scenario (other than pragmatic fappness) in a reversible one-to-one environment. Hence, if one wants to maintain irreversible measurements, then (at least within the quantum formalism) one is faced with the following dilemma: either quantum mechanics must be augmented with some irreversible, many-to-one state evolution, thereby spoiling the ubiquitous, universal reversible one-to-one state evolution; or the assumption of the co-existence of a ubiquitous, uniform reversible one-to-one state evolution on the one hand with some irreversible many-to-one "wave function collapse," (by another wording, "reduction of the state vector") throughout measurement on the other hand, yields a complete contradiction.