Globally, rotavirus is the leading cause of diarrhea-related hospitalizations and deaths among young children, but the burden of rotavirus disease in Indonesia is poorly documented. From January through December 2006, we conducted prospective surveillance (inpatient and outpatient) among children aged !5 years at 6 hospitals in 6 provinces of Indonesia, using standardized methodology. Of 2240 enrolled children hospitalized for diarrhea, 1345 (60%) were rotavirus positive. Of 176 children

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... d in outpatient clinics in 3 hospitals, 73 (41%) were rotavirus positive. Among children hospitalized for diarrhea, dehydration was more common among those who tested positive for rotavirus than among those who did not (91% vs 82%; ), as was P ! .05 vomiting (86% vs 67%; ). Children aged 6-23 months experienced 72% of all rotavirus episodes. P ! .05 Rotavirus prevalence increased slightly in the cool, dry season. The most commonly detected genotypes were G9 (30%) and P[6] (56%). G1P[6] and G9P[6] accounted for 34% and 21% of strains, respectively. A high proportion of genotype P[6] was detected, in combination with the common G types G1 and G9. Available rotavirus vaccines would likely be efficacious against the most common circulating strains, but continued monitoring of uncommon genotypes is needed. Rotavirus is the leading cause of severe acute diarrhea in children throughout both developed and developing countries. Every year, rotavirus is estimated to cause 1500,000 deaths worldwide among children aged !5