The Activity of the Epithelial Sodium Channel Is Regulated by Clathrin-mediated Endocytosis
Richard A. Shimkets, Richard P. Lifton, Cecilia M. Canessa
1997
Journal of Biological Chemistry
Activity of the epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) is a key determinant of sodium homeostasis and blood pressure. Liddle's syndrome, an inherited form of hypertension, is caused by mutations that delete or alter PY domains in the carboxyl termini of  or ␥ ENaC subunits, leading to increased channel activity. In this study we investigated the mechanism of this effect by analysis of wild-type and mutant ENaC activity in Xenopus oocytes. By inhibiting insertion of new channels into the plasma
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... ne with brefeldin A, we demonstrate that the half-life of the activity of channels containing Liddle's mutations is markedly prolonged compared with wildtype channels (t1 ⁄2 of 30 h in mutant versus 3.6 in wildtype, p < 0.001). We investigated the involvement of clathrin-coated pit-mediated endocytosis by co-expressing a dominant-negative dynamin mutant with wildtype ENaC in oocytes. Expression of this specific inhibitor of endocytosis leads to a large increase in the activity of wild-type channels, demonstrating that normal turnover of this channel is through the clathrincoated pit pathway. In contrast, co-expression of Liddle's mutations and dynamin mutants leads to no further increase in channel activity, consistent with one of the effects of Liddle's mutations being the loss of endocytosis of these channels. These findings demonstrate the normal mechanism of turnover of ENaC from the cell surface and demonstrate a mechanism that can account for the increased number of channels in the plasma membrane seen in Liddle's syndrome. Expression of the amiloride-sensitive epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) 1 in the plasma membrane determines the sodium permeability of many epithelia involved in sodium reabsorption. The channel is regulated by hormones such as aldosterone, insulin, and antidiuretic hormone that increase its activity by diverse mechanisms including increase in channel synthesis, incorporation of channels from an intracellular pool to the plasma membrane, and induction of post-translational modifications of the channel proteins (1). There are fewer known mechanisms that decrease sodium permeability in cells expressing ENaC. Recently, there have been several studies
doi:10.1074/jbc.272.41.25537
pmid:9325269
fatcat:dtxvrtikajhbli5frzxc5j6pbm