It is important to evaluate the particle removal force in surface cleaning techniques using physical action. In this study, we measured a lateral removal force of highly adhered polymer particles on a glass plate. The polymer particles were baked on a glass plate at different temperatures to control adhesion. The removal force was measured with a self-sensitive cantilever in open-air and underwater conditions. As a result, the removal forces in both air and water were almost identical, of the

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... der of 10 2 μN. The adhesion forces of these particles were approximately 10 3 times higher than particles sprinkled on the plate without baking. In addition, two types of force curves were obtained depending on the heating temperature and duration. At high and low heating temperatures, the force curve increased gradually, showing a clear maximum value and sharp decrease. The particles were removed when the force achieved its maximum. However, under the middle heating temperature and short duration, the force curve gradually increased and then gradually decreased. Several scanning times were needed to remove the particles. This result indicated that the particles gradually reduced their binding forces. It was found that duration is an important factor for particle removal, in addition to the force acting on the particles.