In recent years, treatment and intervention scientists increasingly realize that individual heterogeneity in disorder severity, background characteristics and co-occurring problems translates into heterogeneity in response to various aspects of any treatment program. Accordingly, research in this area is shifting from the traditional "one-size-fits-all" treatment to dynamic treatment regimes, which allow greater individualization in programming over time. A dynamic treatment regime is a

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... of decision rules that specify how the dosage and/or type of treatment should be adjusted through time in response to an individual's changing needs, aiming to optimize the effectiveness of the program. In the chapter we review the Sequential Multiple Assignment Randomized Trials (SMART), which is an experimental design useful for the development of dynamic treatment regimes. We compare the SMART approach with other experimental approaches and discuss data analyses methods for constructing a high quality dynamic treatment regime as well as other secondary analyses.