Limited research exists on the relationship between physical injury and PTSD within military populations. The present study assessed postinjury rates of PTSD and other psychological correlates among battle and nonbattle injuries. A total of 1,968 men (831 battle injuries and 1,137 nonbattle injuries) injured between September 2004 and February 2005 during Operation Iraqi Freedom (OIF) composed the study sample. Patients were followed through November 2006 for mental health diagnosis (ICD-9

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... 19). Compared with nonbattle injuries, those with battle injuries had a greater risk of PTSD and other mental health diagnosis, and there was a positive association with injury severity. Self-reported mental health symptoms were signifi cantly higher for both minor and moderate-severe battle injury in comparison to nonbattle injury and previous population estimates from an earlier OIF period. More research is needed to further defi ne this relationship by examining potential mechanisms and addressing the possible contributing effect of combat exposure.