According to researchers in the field of teacher education, teachers' classroom practices and etiquettes are moulded by various theoretical frameworks and their conceptions towards implementing various pedagogies in the process of teaching. The process of teaching and learning is influenced by various cognitive variables, one of them being teaching - learning conceptions. The present study was conducted to examine the differences in the attitude of in-service teachers towards their conception

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... Teaching and Learning. A sample of 91 in-service teachers was collected from schools and colleges in Mumbai. The results of the study indicated that irrespective of teachers teaching at school level or college level preferred a traditional approach. When compared, college in-service teachers favoured this approach to a greater extent than school teachers. In the last few years as various new approaches have surfaced in the field of education, a paradigm shift from traditional teaching approach towards the constructivist approach has taken the frontier. Various important steps for transferring from teacher-oriented to student-oriented approach have been taken, irrespective of the educational institute or the students that the teachers are catering to.