In recent years, endoscopic spine surgeries have advanced dramatically. Endoscopic spine surgeries are expanding to not only the lumbar spine, but also thoracic and cervical spines. Indications for spinal endoscopic surgery have also been expanded. Central stenosis, lateral recess stenosis, and foraminal stenosis were included in surgical indications of endoscopy. Finally, endoscopic lumbar interbody fusion surgeries have been attempted. Figure 1. Recently developed endoscopy systems. Ⓐ :

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... ed interlaminar endoscopic system with a large working channel. Ⓑ : Biportal endoscopic systems with two channels (an endoscopic portal and a working portal). Recent Trends of Endoscopic Spine Surgery JMISST 6(1) April 2021 83 logy and surgical instruments. It is believed that it will replace many parts of the conventional spine surgery.