This paper reports the results of experiments to develop a minimal neural network for pattern classification. The network uses biologically plausible neural and learning mechanisms and is applied to a subset of the MNIST dataset of handwritten digits. The research goal is to assess the classification power of a very simple biologically motivated mechanism. The network architecture is primarily a feedforward spiking neural network (SNN) composed of Izhikevich regular spiking (RS) neurons and

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... uctance-based synapses. The weights are trained with the spike timing-dependent plasticity (STDP) learning rule. The proposed SNN architecture contains three neuron layers which are connected by both static and adaptive synapses. Visual input signals are processed by the first layer to generate input spike trains. The second and third layers contribute to spike train segmentation and STDP learning, respectively. The network is evaluated by classification accuracy on the handwritten digit images from the MNIST dataset. The simulation results show that although the proposed SNN is trained quickly without error-feedbacks in a few number of iterations, it results in desirable performance (97.6%) in the binary classification (0 and 1). In addition, the proposed SNN gives acceptable recognition accuracy in 10-digit (0-9) classification in comparison with statistical methods such as support vector machine (SVM) and multi-perceptron neural network.