Dielectric constant and loss vs. frequency for neat PTC and PTC/TiO 2 composite stacks. Dielectric constant and loss vs. frequency for neat PTC and PTC/BaTiO 3 composite stacks.  Dielectric constant measurements  Dielectric constant directly dictates the materials electrostriction coefficient and hence the materials strain.  Dielectric constant decreases with increasing frequency.  Highest dielectric constant for PTC/10 wt% TiO 2 and PTC/1 wt% BaTiO 3 composite.  Dielectric loss, compared

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... o PTC, is unchanged for PTC/BaTiO 3 . For PTC/TiO 2 dielectric loss increases at low frequencies with increasing nanoparticle amount (pointing to changes in interaction mechanism). Roughness analysis of neat PTC and composites containing 1 wt% BaTiO 3 or TiO 2 . Roughness analysis of neat PTC and composites containing different weight fractions BaTiO 3 . Strain vs. electric field for neat PTC and PTC/TiO 2 composite stacks. Strain vs. electric field for neat PTC and PTC/BaTiO 3 composite stacks.