Mineral-bone disorders (MBD) in chronic kidney disease (CKD) manifest by hyperphosphatemia, vitamin D deficiency, overproduction of fibroblast growth factor-23, and secondary hyperparathyroidism. CKD-MBD also results in bone resorp-tion and ectopic calcification that is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular events and mortality. Diet is the initial and obligatory approach to treatment for CKD-MBD. Sevelamer is frequently used for correction of hyperphosphatemia in patients with

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... al failure who present with calcification of arteries, adynamic bone disease and/or stably low serum parathyroid hormone levels. Calcimimetics, that is, cinacalcet and evocalcet, are widely used in hemodialysis patients who do not respond to treatment with vitamin D.