Access control mechanisms control which subjects (such as users or processes) have access to which resources. To facilitate managing access control, policy authors increasingly write access control policies in XACML. Access control policies written in XACML could be amenable to multiple-duty-related security leakage, which grants unauthorized access to a user when the user takes multiple duties (e.g., multiple roles in role-based access control policies). To help policy authors detect

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... uty-related security leakage, we develop a novel framework that analyzes policies and detects cases that potentially cause the leakage. In such cases, a user taking multiple roles (e.g., both r 1 and r 2 ) is given a different access decision from the decision given to a user taking an individual role (e.g., r 1 and r 2 , respectively). We conduct experiments on 11 XACML policies and our empirical results show that our framework effectively pinpoints potential multiple-duty-related security leakage for policy authors to inspect.