In the course of the previous 50 years, demographic trends in Serbia have been quite unfavorable and there is the epidemiological transition. The aim of the study was to examine the factors that influence women's decision to take oral contraceptives (OC) and to examine preventive measures for the cervical cancer. Method: We analyzed data that were collected in a cross-sectional study National Health Survey in Serbia in 2006, which was based on a nationally representative population sample. Our

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... ubsample included 2,378 women aged from 20 to 49 years. Results : The results of this multivariate analysis confirmed the association of the OC usage with socio-demographic factors, such as marital status and region of living. Respondents from Vojvodina took OC more often than those from Belgrade (OR= 0.48, 95% CI, 0.30-0.78) and Central Serbia (OR=0.42, 95% CI 0.29-0.61). The results of adjusted multivariate analysis showed that the level of education, place of living, and region were significantly associated with secondary preventive measures for the cervical cancer (regular check-ups and Pap tests). Secondary preventive measures are more frequently used among less educated participants who live in the urban areas and in the region of Vojvodina, compared to the more educated women from rural areas and living in the capital Belgrade. Conclusion: Our study did not confirm association of OC usage with secondary preventive measures for the cervical cancer.