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Unorthodox bubbles when boiling in cold water
2014
Physical Review E
High-speed movies are taken when bubbles grow at gold surfaces heated spotwise with a near-infrared laser beam heating water below the boiling point (60-70°C) with heating powers spanning the range from very low to so high that water fails to rewet the surface after bubbles detach. Roughly half the bubbles are conventional: They grow symmetrically through evaporation until buoyancy lifts them away. Others have unorthodox shapes and appear to contribute disproportionately to heat transfer
doi:10.1103/physreve.89.013011
pmid:24580324
fatcat:e7lirjyxxfc7pecoszomwlhgna