It is a short review of the most valuable theoretical and experimental results obtained in the center of nanoelectronics and novel materials. Electronic and optical properties of nanostructured porous silicon, quantum films and wires of silicon and germanium, nanodiamonds, nanostructured oxides of metals and semiconductors, nanostructures with the effect of tunneling magnetoresistance, nanodimensional HfO2 films in the structures with resistive switching are summarized. Their application is presented.