Retention in care is important for optimal treatment outcomes and effective positive prevention. Reports from India and other countries have mentioned various factors affecting retention but the data on 'opting out' from Antiretroviral Treatment (ART) under the National AIDS Control Programme are scanty. Aim and Objectives: To estimate prevalence and predictors for opting out from Antiretroviral Treatment among HIV infected individuals attending ART center at ICMR-National AIDS Research

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... e, Pune. Material and Methods: In this retrospective study, records of individuals taking ART between January 2006 and May 2017 were reviewed. An individual who no longer wished to continue treatment with the national programme because of his/her personal choice and stopped visiting the centre was reported as being 'opted out' from the programme. Results: Of the total 3842 individuals ever initiated on ART, 115 (3%) individuals opted out. The possibility of opting out from ART was 4.9 [95% CI: 1.78-13.6, (p=0.002)] times more in individuals who showed declining trend in their CD4 counts and 8.8 [95% CI: 3.33-23.27,(p<0.001)] times more in individuals who received treatment for less than a year. Sixty four (56%) opted out individuals could not be contacted telephonically. Of the 51 (44%) individuals that were contacted, 16 replied that they will visit the clinic as per their convenience. The reasons for opting out from ART in remaining 35 patients were inconvenience for coming to the clinic in terms of distance or financial issues (13), taking treatment from private sector (10), side effects of the drugs (5), death (4) and taking treatment from other government programme clinics (3). Conclusion: Efforts should be taken to address the issues of individuals not willing to continue ART from the programme clinics (opted out). The counseling should be strengthened to prevent the individuals opting out from the treatment. The national operational guidelines for ART services need to address the issues of these individu [...]