The history of the political exile is one of the most important problems of modern Russian historiography. The existence of Russian exiles in various countries became an important phenomenon. The anarchists who had left the Soviet Russia after 1917 were often the basis of such groups. Based on new sources, especially on the documents of Anatoly Gorelik Collection at the Centre of Studies of the history and culture of Left-Wing movements (Buenos Aires, Argentina) article analyzes the features of

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... the formation of Russian workers' organizations in Argentina. Based on analysis of the articles published in the newspaper "Golos Truda" ("The Voice of Labor"), whose editor in 1920-1930s was Anatoly Gorelik, the authors make some conclusions about the evolution of views of Russian immigrants in Argentina about the October Revolution and the first measures undertaken by the Soviet regime. For the first time in the historiography, the article notes key stages of Anatoly Gorelik's life who was the leader of Russian anarchists in Argentina. The authors conclude that the Gorelik's anarchist views impacted seriously to the change of ideology of the Federation of Russian workers' organizations in South America, officially established in 1918. This Federation, whose members supported the Bolsheviks and planned to join the Comintern, turned finally to the partnership with local anarchists and began to accuse the Bolshevik government in creation of a new dictatorship in Russia. The article is a new step in the study of Russian emigration in South America and in the study the history of the labor movement in Argentina.