Infection is the most common complication encountered after ventriculoperitoneal shunt. The AIMS of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of antibiotic therapy with protocol in the prevention of post-operative infections after ventriculoperitoneal shunt in our city. Patients and methods: We retrospectively study 20 hydrocephalus cases in one year. They were operated through the classic VP Shunt insertion technique and with the protocol adopted for shunt implantation. They received

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... ic therapy for ten days. Results: In one year we operated 95 patients,20 (21%) cases were hydrocephalus. There were 7 males et 13 females (ratio:0,53) . The age of patients ranged from 15 days to 12 years and the average age was 13,5 months. The average consultation time was 5,6 weeks. Clinically the most common sign were anterior fontanelle tense (100%) , macrocrania (60%) ,vomiting (80%) and sunset eye sign (80%) . Brain CT-scan was performed in all patient,66% of patients had Transfontanelle Ultrasonography and anyone hadn't performed MRI. All cases underwent surgical treatment. only ventriculoperitoneal shunt was performed and the standard technique protocol to minimize infection was done during surgery. All of them received ceftriaxone 100mg/kg/day for five days then oral relay by thiamphenicol 50mg/Kg/day for five days. The follow up was good no infection was found (0%). Conclusion: Establishing an aseptic protocol for the shunt is essential to reduce the rate of postoperative infections. This result becomes better when we make a combination of antibiotic therapy and protocol. We can achieve infection rates to zero or less than 1% in case of association