A novel biomolecular detection method, charge pumping, is investigated comprehensively as a biosensing mechanism. Tunneling electrons located in channel interface are responsible for a charge pumping current ͑I cp ͒ in a biosensing operation. The maximum tunneling distance ͑d tunnel ͒ of the electrons is the dominant factor to determine the amount of generated I cp , which is closely correlated with the sensitivity in a proposed nanogap-embedded biotransistor structure. Using an analytical

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... in which biomolecules are considered as a trap-included insulator, the effects of the key parameters that govern d tunnel , in this case the nanogap height, frequency of the applied pulse, and maximum pulse level, are analyzed.