This study aims to test whether the efficacy of repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) differs between patients who developed tinnitus following a traumatic brain injury (TBI), and those without a history of TBI. This was a parallel pilot, open-label, non-randomized, clinical trial to compare the efficacy of low frequency rTMS on tinnitus symptoms in patients with and without a TBI history. Patients with moderate to severe tinnitus symptoms based on the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory

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... THI) and the Tinnitus Functional Index (TFI) were enrolled in the study. Validated questionnaires (THI and TFI) were used to quantify the severity of tinnitus symptoms and hearing impairment (Hearing Handicap Index - HHI) before and after ten sessions of rTMS of the left primary auditory cortex. Hearing threshold levels as well as speech reception and speech discrimination thresholds were also compared. The number of patients who experienced a reduction in their subjective tinnitus symptoms was greater and sustained longer in patients without a history of TBI. The same was seen with subjective symptoms of hearing impairment. In conclusion, our preliminary results suggest tinnitus patients without a history of TBI respond better to low frequency rTMS than those with a history of TBI, suggesting that treatments could be more effective if tailored to tinnitus etiology.