This paper presents basic process models for textual and graphical HDL-based design. The models are used to measure effort (time) required for various design activities, with an aim to quantify design productivity. Effort-distribution in man-minutes is used as a parameter to evaluate design productivity. Design quality, defined as a probability that the design meets its specifications, is plotted for various design activities. We also discuss the resources that are essential to perform each

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... gn activity. These experiments demonstrate that "effort-distribution analysis" is useful for real life HDL-based design projects.