Objective: To study the correlation of NLRP3 inflammasome expression in periodontitis tissue with inflammatory response and alveolar bone resorption. Methods: Patients with chronic periodontitis who underwent tooth extraction in Jianghan Oilfield General Hospital between March 2015 and December 2015 were selected as the periodontitis group of the research, and patients who underwent tooth extraction due to impacted tooth or malposed tooth during the same period were selected as the control

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... . Appropriate amount of periodontal tissue was collected during tooth extraction to determine the expression of NLRP3 inflammasome components; gingival crevicular fluid samples were collected before tooth extraction to determine the contents of inflammatory response molecules and alveolar bone resorption molecules. Results: NLRP3, ACS, Caspase-1, IL-1β and IL-18 mRNA expression in periodontium tissue as well as ICAM-1, E-selectin, CXCL12, HMGB1, HSP60, ICTP, MMP1, MMP8 and Wnt5a levels in gingival crevicular fluid of periodontitis group were significantly higher than those of control group whereas TIMP1, BMAL1 and Runx2 levels in gingival crevicular fluid were lower than those of control group; NLRP3, ACS, Caspase-1, IL-1β and IL-18 mRNA expression in periodontium tissue of patients with periodontitis were positively correlated with ICAM-1, E-selectin, CXCL12, HMGB1, HSP60, ICTP, MMP1, MMP8 and Wnt5a levels in gingival crevicular fluid, and negatively correlated with TIMP1, BMAL1 and Runx2 levels in gingival crevicular fluid. Conclusion: The excessive expression of NLRP3 inflammasome in periodontitis tissue can aggravate the inflammatory response and alveolar bone resorption.