This study proposes a robust hashing method using scale-invariant feature transform (SIFT) features points and discrete wavelet transform (DWT) approximation coefficients for image authentication. Initially, the invariant feature points are computed using SIFT from the L * component of L * a * b * color image. Next, n distinct SIFT feature points are utilized to extract image content from the L * component. Then, DWT is applied to extracted content in order to compute approximation

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... Finally, the approximation coefficients are normalized to form a binary hash. Experimental results show that the proposed method is robust to various content-preserving operations such as compression, scaling, filtering, additive noise, brightness, and contrast adjustment. In addition, the performance of the proposed method is compared to existing methods using a receiver operating characteristics curve. The comparison results show that the proposed method performs better than the existing methods. c