Abstract. A benchmark dataset of radiation, heat and CO2 fluxes is crucial to land–atmosphere interaction research. Due to the rapid urbanization and the development of agriculture, land–atmosphere interaction process over the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) of China, which is the typical East Asian monsoon region, is becoming various and complex. To understand the effects of various land cover changes on land–atmosphere interaction in this region, a comprehensive long-term (2011–2019) in situ

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... tion including 30-min meteorology (air temperature, humidity, pressure, wind speed, and wind direction), surface radiative flux, turbulent heat flux, and CO2 flux was conducted at four sites with two typical surface types (i.e., croplands and suburbs) in the YRD. The dataset shows that all four component radiation components, latent heat flux, sensible heat flux, soil heat flux, and CO2 fluxes varied seasonally and diurnally at four sites. Surface energy fluxes exhibited great differences among the four sites. On an annual basis, for two cropland sites, the dominant consumer of net radiation was latent heat flux. At two suburb sites, latent heating dominates from April to November, whereas sensible heating dominates the other months. This dataset will contribute to multiple research fields, including studying land–atmosphere interaction, improving the boundary-layer parameterization schemes, evaluating remote sensing algorithms, and developing climate models in the typical East Asian monsoon region. The dataset is publicly available at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6552301, last access: 10 May 2022 (Duan et al., 2022).