Leprosy, still considered a public health problem in many countries, among them Brazil, causes multiple sensory and/or motor signs and symptoms of the peripheral nervous system (SM-SSPNS). This study aimed to analyze a pretreatment neurological profile of patients with leprosy. Methods: Cross-sectional study, whose participants 400 patients diagnosed with leprosy. Data collection took place through the collection from medical records and clinical examination of patients. It determined the

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... ncy distribution of SMSSPNS, thickening of the nerves and committed peripheral nerves (PNC) as well as the sex and the average age. Results: Over 93% of the patients presented at least 1 (one) sensory symptom, and hypoesthesia was the most prevalent among them. 59% displayed motor dysfunction and a 50.25% rate of neural thickening. Hypoesthesia had a higher prevalence among individuals whose symptoms appeared more than 12 (twelve) months ago (58.86%, p = 0.018), and there was no association between other SMSSPNS and the disease's time of onset; or between SMSSPNS and CPN, according to the leprosy forms. The most affected nerve is the sensory-motor ulnar (57.48%). Conclusion: The most frequent alterations were categorized as sensitives, including hypoesthesia (with a higher prevalence in comparison to when it first appeared, more than 12 months ago) and impairment of the sensory-motor ulnar nerve.