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Real Drive Well-to-Wheel Energy Analysis of Conventional and Electrified Car Powertrains
2020
Energies
Reducing fuel consumption and global emissions in the automotive sector has been a main focus of vehicle technology development for long time. The most effective goal to achieve the overall sustainability objectives is to reduce the need for non-renewable and fossil resources. Five vehicles, two conventional ICE, two hybrid-electric, and one pure electric powertrain, are considered. Non-renewable primary energy consumption and CO2 emissions are calculated for each powertrain considered. All
doi:10.3390/en13184788
fatcat:45k3nju6zrbh7ij7vi3ubp4jkm