The objective was to assess the impact on health due to the exposure to air pollution derived from the renewal of the urban bus fleet in São Paulo. The study analyzed the substitution of the bus fleet through the variation of the concentration of atmospheric pollutants such as PM 10 in the municipality of São Paulo and its associated health's benefits values compared to the investments performed in the bus fleet renewal. PM 10 average annual reduction due to the bus improvement system resulted

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... n 22.3%. A cost-benefit evaluation considered the renewal investments' costs compared to the obtained valued health benefits and it resulted in 4.31. Although the result may suggest a not viable investment, it must be observed that air pollution reduction favors health impacts and that this relation could be improved if additional investments on sustainable transportation increase.