Objective: To evaluate the value of neovascularization, endometrial irregular hyperplasia and endometrial polypoid hyperplasia in diagnosis of chronic endometritis. Design: retrospective cohort study. Setting: University teaching hospital. Patient(s): A consecutive series of 222 cases of diagnostic hysteroscopy. Intervention(s): Endometrial biopsy specimens were obtained after hysteroscopy for routine histology and immunohistochemistry for plasma cells using a CD138 epitope. Main Outcome

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... (s): Neovascularization, endometrial polypoid hyperplasia, endometrial irregular hyperplasia of the hysteroscopic features in the diagnosis of CE. Result(s): A total of 670 infertile patients underwent hysteroscopy, and the incidence of microscopic neovascularization was about 22.4%. Among them, 222 patients underwent pathological examination and CD138 immunoassay. 94 patients were diagnosed Chronic endometritis pathologically. Neovascularization was moderately consistent with CE. (Kappa coefficient was 0.46, 95% 0.342-0.578, P < 0.05; OR=8.153), there was no strong correlation between endometritis, polypoid hyperplasia and irregular hyperplasia. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of neovascularization were 71.27%, 75%, 67.68% and 78.05%, respectively, and the diagnostic accuracy was 73.42%. Conclusion: There was a moderate consistency between neovascularization and CE, which could be used as a characteristic index for physicians to judge chronic endometritis and improve the accuracy of CE diagnosis by hysteroscopy. Irregular hyperplasia and polypoid hyperplasia of uterus have no statistical significance for the diagnosis of chronic endometrium, but whether they affect embryo implantation rate should be discussed in the future.