This research endeavour to reveal the mystery of urban formation, and further illustrate the role of urban physical environment in this immunity-based system. Accordingly, a morphological approach to the scrutiny of the urban landscape in different scales will be undertaken. As a balanced urban system disrupted by a significant event, the physical urban form will be impacted directly, and thus transform to response to the change. After a series of transformation, the urban system can be

more »

... again. This process can be regarded as immunity-based procedure, which can help an urban system evolve and therefore survive.