Membranes are a critical technology for energy-efficient separation processes. The routine method of evaluating membrane performance is a permeation measurement. However, such measurements can be limited in terms of their utility: membrane microstructure is often poorly characterised, membranes or sealants leak, and conditions in the gas phase are poorly controlled and frequently far-removed from the conditions employed in the majority of real processes. Here we demonstrate a new integrated

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... oach to determine permeation rates, using two novel supported molten-salt membrane geometries. In both cases, the membranes comprise a solid support with laser-drilled pores, which are infiltrated with a highly-CO2 selective molten carbonate salt. First, we fabricate an optically-transparent single crystal, single-pore model