To become scientifically-literate, students must develop competence with the use of computer-based models to reason about Earth systems. In this poster presentation, we share early-stage work spanning multiple projects using technology-enabled modeling tools grounded in 'big data' with students in secondary science learning environments. The poster will showcase the modeling tools and design-based research approaches, as well as provide a context for discussion about theoretical, empirical, and design aspects of the projects.