Since its inception, friction stir welding, FSW has been promising easy operation and environmental stewardship through contact friction between the tool and the weld part. The Aluminum alloy 2024-T351 was used in both working pieces. Six processes in FSW may include sticking, plunging into the welding pieces, half and full sliding, full welding along the joint line for the weld to be created, and spacing when picking away the welding tool from the weld. In determining the weld quality, their

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... lues should be within a safe range during the welding process, to derive heat from friction, modifying the parameters of the process causes variation in force in the traverse and axial directions. The ability to measure forces and understand their relationship with welding parameters is essential to a successful FSW energy strategy. The analytical models presented in this study depict each welding phase as it occurs and can be applied to predict welding forces and the heat energies.