Watermarking is well known as a tool for copyright protection of documents. Digital watermarking is also useful for content authentication and tamper detection. Watermarking could be migrated to e-governance for enhancing security of various e-governance applications. Successful e-governance implementation requires all digital documents issued by the government is protected from illegal attacks attempting to modify the original contents. This paper proposes a method for uniquely watermarking

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... ges, including photographs and biometric images collected from the public by various government agencies. Method also proposes any digital certificates or documents issued by the government can be watermarked. The integrity and authenticity of these documents can thus be ascertained.