To improve the understanding of how static mixers work and how to better utilize them in environmental engineering ͑or, specifically, drinking water treatment͒, a numerical model for simulating turbulent flows in helical static mixers is developed. The model solves the three-dimensional, Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations, closed with the k-turbulence model, using a second-orderaccurate finite-volume numerical method. Numerical simulations are carried out for a two-element helical static

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... mixer, and the computed results are analyzed to elucidate the complex, three-dimensional features of the flow. The results show that the flow field within the mixer is characterized by the presence of pockets of reversed flow and the growth and interaction of strong longitudinal vortices. As an example of the kind of practical insights that can be gained from such detailed three-dimensional computations, the simulated flow field is used to investigate two quantities that are often used to characterize mixing within a static mixer and to discuss the merits of these quantities for coagulant mixing in drinking water treatment.