Nanopharmacoeuticals based on nanomaterials and nanotechnology are medicinal products for drug delivery, nano drugs and nano therapies, in vivo imaging, in vitro diagnostics, biomaterials, and active implants. Nanoscience and nanotechnology in China become ever more consequential in our lives; all members of the scientific community should better inform and educate the public about the great changes this new nano era is likely to bring. Here we review some main advances on the research and

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... opment of nanomaterials, nanotechnology and nanopharmaceuticals in China. For nanopharmaceuticals, we focus on the research and application of nanotechnology in anti-cancer drugs, and biological evaluation studies of nanomaterials.