In wireless sensor networks (WSNs), an extension of the lifetime of the network is one of the primary concerns of every routing protocol design. A critical study on The Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy (LEACH) revealed that the scheme uses a probabilistic approach in selecting cluster heads. This approach allows weak nodes to be chosen as cluster heads (CHs) which cannot transmit the sensed data to the Base station (BS) hence affecting the throughputs of the network. Also single hop

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... unication method was adopted which limits the network coverage and unnecessary data transmission of the heads affecting the lifetime of the network. In this research work, a heterogeneous form of LEACH called Servant-LEACH is proposed. The new protocol modified the election probability of the nodes by considering two factors in selecting the heads. i) The distance between the nodes and the base station and ii) the residual energies of the nodes. The proposed scheme further implemented soft and hard thresholds and servant nodes concept. The simulation results of the new scheme showed that the proposed protocol outperformed Threshold Distributed Energy Efficient Clustering (TDEEC) protocol in terms of stability period, throughputs, residual energy and the lifetime of the network