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When to Monitor CD4 Cell Count and HIV RNA to Reduce Mortality and AIDS-Defining Illness in Virologically Suppressed HIV-Positive Persons on Antiretroviral Therapy in High-Income Countries: A Prospective Observational Study

Miguel A Hernán, Amy C Justice, Julia Del Amo, Caroline Sabin, Lauren E Cain, Peter Reiss, Sophie Abgrall, Francois Dabis, Dominique Costagliola, Michael J Mugavero, Daniel R Drozd, Richard R Moore (+26 others)
2016

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Methods: Antiretroviral-naive individuals who initiated ART and became virologically suppressed within 12 months were followed from the date of suppression. We compared 3 CD4 cell count and HIV-RNA monitoring strategies: once every (1) 3 6 1 months, (2) 6 6 1 months, and (3) 9-12 6 1 months. We used inverseprobability weighted models to compare these strategies with respect to clinical, immunologic, and virologic outcomes. Results: In 39,029 eligible individuals, there were 265 deaths and 690
more » ... DS-defining illnesses or deaths. Compared with the 3-month strategy, the mortality hazard ratios (95% CIs) were 0.86 (0.42 to 1.78) for the 6 months and 0.82 (0.46 to 1.47) for the 9-12 month strategy. The respective 18-month risk ratios (95% CIs) of virologic failure (RNA .200) were 0.74 (0.46 to 1.19) and 2.35 (1.56 to 3.54) and 18-month mean CD4 differences (95% CIs) were 25.3 (218.6 to 7.9) and 231.7 (252.0 to 211.3). The estimates for the 2-year risk of AIDS-defining illness or death were similar across strategies. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that monitoring frequency of virologically suppressed individuals can be decreased from every 3 months to every 6, 9, or 12 months with respect to clinical outcomes. Because effects of different monitoring strategies could take years to materialize, longer follow-up is needed to fully evaluate this question.
doi:10.7892/boris.83632 fatcat:54thajt4mrg45al5npimwn3zoa
Citation

Miguel A Hernán, Amy C Justice, Julia Del Amo, Caroline Sabin, Lauren E Cain, Peter Reiss, Sophie Abgrall, Francois Dabis, Dominique Costagliola, Michael J Mugavero, Daniel R Drozd, Richard R Moore, Roger Logan, Matthias Egger, James M Robins, Ashley Olson, William C Mathews, Steven G Deeks, Ard Van Sighem, Michael Saag, Heiner C Bucher, Jonathan A Sterne, Elena Ferrer, Sonia Hernandez-Diaz, Joseph J Eron, Roberto Muga, Ellen C Caniglia, Laurence Meyer, Sophie Jose, Giota Touloumi, Remonie Seng, Andrew Phillips, Stephen L Boswell, George R Seage, Janet P Tate, Sonia Napravnik, Fabrice Bonnet, Santiago Moreno. "When to Monitor CD4 Cell Count and HIV RNA to Reduce Mortality and AIDS-Defining Illness in Virologically Suppressed HIV-Positive Persons on Antiretroviral Therapy in High-Income Countries: A Prospective Observational Study." (2016)