In this issue of Blood, Döhner et al 1 provide a post hoc analysis of data from the QUAZAR trial of oral azacytidine ("oral aza") therapy for patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML), 2 focusing on the survival impact of NPM1 and FLT3 mutations in the context of a flow cytometry-based assay for measurable residual disease (MRD). The analysis indicates that treatment with oral aza conferred a survival benefit regardless of FLT3 or NPM1 mutational status, including the favorable (NPM1

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... D negative) and unfavorable (FLT3 mutated/MRD positive) combinations. FLT3 and NPM1 mutations are frequent molecular dance partners that are found in a significant fraction of AML cases, so the demonstration of the efficacy of oral aza in these very common subtypes of the disease make a reasonable case for the real-world applicability of this therapy.