AT marks a protein from Arabidopsis thaliana A. thaliana Arabidopsis thaliana avr avirulence B. cinerea Botrytis cinerea BHA Butylated hydroxyanisole bp base pairs BSA bovine serum albumine bZIP basic leucine zipper C cytosine CalS callose synthase CaMV cauliflower mosaic virus cDNA copy DNA ChIP chromatin immunoprecipitation COI1 CORONATINE INSENSITIVE 1 Col-0 Arabidopsis thaliana ecotype Columbia COR coronatine CT threshold cycle C-terminal carboxy-terminal CTR1 CONSTITUTIVE TRIPLE RESPONSE 1

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... immune responses in an SA-independent manner. Inhibition of flg22-induced stomatal closure, a process that is dependent on SA, by the jasmonic acid-isoleucine (JA-Ile) mimic coronatine (COR) depends on the presence of class-II TGA factors, illustrating a role of TGA factors in coronatine-mediated processes. Likewise, wound-induced callose deposition depends on the presence of class-II TGA factors, substantiating their role in JA-induced processes. In contrast, SA-independent flg22-induced FRK1 expression is antagonized by COR in a TGA-independent manner. After flg22 pretreatment, the tga2,5,6/sid2-2 quadruple mutant is more resistant to the hemibiotrophic bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae than the sid2-2 single mutant. However, tga2,5,6 mutants showed higher susceptibility than the wild type, suggesting an SA-dependent positive function and an SA-independent negative function of class-II TGA factors in defense responses. Receptor endocytosis. Within 20-40 min of treatment, flg22 was found to specifically trigger accumulation of the normally plasma membrane-resident FLS2 into intracellular