This paper presents a new methodology of reformed electric system cascade analysis (RESCA) for the optimization of hybrid renewable energy system (HRES) with wind energy conversion system, PV system, battery energy storage system, non-intermittent source, and grid as system components. Four different configurations of HRES in islanding and grid-connected mode is considered for analysis. The four configurations of HRES is optimized using RESCA with constraints, such as final excess energy,

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... ble energy fraction, energy generation ratio, loss of power supply probability, and annual system cost (ASC). The optimization is realized for a residential load in Newark, USA consisting of 100 households with a daily consumption of 30 kWh for each house. The paper successfully presents the application of the RESCA methodology for the optimization of HRES based on reliability and economic constraints for both isolated and grid connected mode of applications. INDEX TERMS Hybrid power systems, renewable energy sources, wind energy, solar energy, energy storage, optimization methods, iterative algorithm. 47332 2169-3536